SCORPION

 The concept "art" is an art creativity as a whole: the literature, architecture, a sculpture, painting, the schedule, arts and crafts, music, dance, theatre, cinema and other versions of human activity united as artly-shaped forms of reflection of the validity.

In history of an aesthetics the essence of art was interpreted as imitation, sensual expression supersensual and so forth.

The aesthetics considers art as the form of the public consciousness, a specific sort of spiritually-practical mastering of the world, as organic unity of creation, knowledge, estimations and human dialogue, in narrow sense – the fine arts, a high degree of skill, skill in any sphere of human activity.

The basic kinds of art: painting, the schedule, a sculpture, architecture, the literature, cinema, theatre. 

Let's consider the basic concepts of some kinds, directions and receptions of the modern fine arts.

Painting as a kind of art.

Painting very ancient art which has been last during many centuries evolution from of lists before the newest currents of painting on XI century Painting possesses the broad audience of opportunities of an embodiment of a plan from realism up to abstractionism. Huge spiritual treasures are saved up during its development.

In end XIX-XX centuries development of painting becomes especially complex and inconsistent. Various realistic and modernist currents win to themselves the right to existence.

There is an abstract painting (avant-gardism, abstractionism, a underground) which has marked active expression of the personal attitude of the artist to the world, reserve of color, geometrization of forms, decorative effect and associativity of composite decisions.

In XX century search of new paints and means of creation of picturesque products that has undoubtedly led to occurrence of new styles in painting proceeded, but oil painting still remains to one of the most favourite artists.

 A kind of the fine arts - the schedule.

The schedule  - a kind of the fine arts which is connected with the image on a plane. The schedule unites figure, as independent area, and various kinds printed schedules: an engraving on a tree, an engraving on metal (etching), lithograph an engraving on a cardboard, etc.

Figure concerns to unique the schedule because each figure is unique. Products printed schedules can generating (to be duplicated) in many equivalent copies - prints. Each print is the original, instead of a copy of product.

Figure is a basis of all kinds schedules and other kinds of the fine arts. As a rule, the graphic representation is carried out on a leaf of a paper. To the artist at times enough very simple means - a graphitic pencil or a ball pen to execute graphic figure. In other cases it uses for creation of the products complex adaptations a press, cutters for linoleum or a tree and many other things.

The term of "schedule" was originally used only to the letter and a calligraphy. Art of a font for a long time has been connected with graphics. It has received new value and understanding in the end XIX - the beginning of XX centuries when the schedule it was defined as an independent kind of art.

Language schedules and its main expressive means is a line, a stroke, a contour, a spot and tone. The white leaf of a paper actively participates in creation of a general impression from product schedules. To achieve expressive figure it is possible even at use only black color. For this reason to the schedule often name art black and white. However it does not exclude application in the schedule of color.

Borders between graphic and painting are very mobile, for example, technics of a water color, a pastel, and sometimes and gouache carry that in one in other kind of art, depending on in what degree color is used, that prevails in product - a line or a spot, what its purpose.

One of distinctive attributes schedules is the special attitude of a represented subject to space. The pure white background of the leaf which has been not borrowed by images, and even a background of a paper appearing under a colourful layer are conditionally perceived as space. Especially evidently it can be seen in book the schedule when the image placed on a blank page, is perceived located in space of an interior, street, a landscape according to the text, instead of on a snow floor.

Artly expressive advantages schedules consist in its laconism, capacity of images, concentration and strict selection of graphic means. Some innuendo, a symbol of a subject, as though a hint on it, make special value of a graphic representation, they are calculated on active work of imagination of the spectator.

In this connection not only carefully traced graphic sheets, but also fluent sketches, sketches from a nature, sketches of a composition have independent art value.

The schedule (a portrait, a landscape, a still-life, a historical genre, etc.) and practically unlimited opportunities various genres are accessible to the image and figurative interpretation of the world.

To destination book and journalese, applied the schedule and the poster.

Products can be seen schedules at exhibitions. It, as a rule, the figures having independent value, and also printed the schedule. Graphic sheets are easily transferable, they can be intended not only for an exhibition, but also for an ornament of interiors of inhabited and public buildings. Specific kinds are in the schedule - splint (a national picture), and in journalese - a caricature (caricature - to exaggerate; this image in which the comic effect is created by connection real and fantastic).

Decorating of newspapers and magazines is under construction on the basis of communication with the text as well as in book the schedule, and it is maintained in uniform style within the limits of one type of the edition.

The major area is book the schedule. In ancient hand-written books figures were carried out and painted manually. They referred to as miniatures. Book the schedule not simply part of publishing or means for transfer of knowledge, it is a part of culture.

All elements of book registration - and located inside of the book, and external - create a complete work of art. The artist defines the sizes (format) of the book, feature of a font, accommodation of a set (text), a various illustrative material. But the role of artists of illustrators when they carry out elements of external registration of the book {a jacket, reliure or a cover), the fly-leaf and various elements of registration inside of the book is especially great.

To applied the schedule congratulatory cards, colourful calendars, envelopes to splint which were drawn by the artist, and many other things concern. Labels on various packings is too applied or industrial the schedule which has practical purpose, helps to orient with a plenty of the various goods, decorates our life.

In independent area schedules the poster is allocated. It, as a rule, vividly responds to occuring important events (Olympiads, competitions, concerts, exhibitions, etc.). It is accepted to allocate some the basic kinds of posters: political, sports, ecological, advertising, satirical, educational, theatrically entertainment, etc.

The modern graphic design includes not only fonts, but also various sign images, including geometrical and vegetative.

New kind is computer the schedule. Artists carry out compositions from difficultly crossed lines, volumetric elements, patterns, color spots on the screen of the display, and then print the received images on the printer. Ability schedules quickly to respond to actual events, to express feelings and ideas of the artist, development of technics conditions for occurrence of new kinds create schedules.