| The POETS of MODERN FRANCE part2 - 5 |
Page 6 of 6 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY [161] GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY Huret, Jules : enquete sur Devolution litteraire. 1891. Moore, George: impressions and opinions. 1891. Gourmont, Remy de : l'idealisme. 1893. weigand, w. : essays zur psychologie der deca- DENCE. 1893. Mockel, Albert: propos de litterature. 1894. Wyzewa, Teodore de: nos ma!tres. 1895. Lazare, Bernard: figures contemporaines. 1895. Doumic, Rene: les jeunes. 1896. Gourmont, Remy de: le livre des masques. 1896. Vigie-Lecocq, E. : la poesie contemporaine. 1897. Bahr, Hermann: skizzen und essays. 1897. Kahn, Gustave: preface aux premieres poemes. 1897. Gourmont, Remy de : le second livre des masques. 1898. Pelissier, Georges: etudes de litterature contem- poraine. 1898. Gourmont, Remy de: l'esthetique de la langue francaise. 1899. Crawford, Virginia : studies in french literature. 1899. [163] Souza, Robert de : la poesie populaire et le lyrisme sentimental. 1899. Symons, Arthur: the symbolist movement in lit- erature. 1899. Bordeaux, Henry: les ecrivains et les mojurs. 1900. Thompson, Vance: french portraits. 1900. Gourmont, Remy de: la culture des idees. 1900. Mauclair, Camille : l'art en silence. 1900. Gregh, Fernand: la fenetre ouverte. 1901. Bran des, Georg: samlede skrifter. fransk lyrik. vol. vii. 1901. Hauser, Otto: die belgische lyrik von 1880-1900. 1902. Charles, J. Ernest: la litterature d'aujourd'hui. 1902. Kahn, Gustave: symbolistes et decadents. 1902. Gosse, Edmund: French profiles. 1902. Beaunier, Andre: la poesie nouvelle. 1902. MendIs, Catulle : rapport sur le mouvement poet- IQUE FRANCAIS DE 1867 A I9OO. ig02. Doumic, Ren?: hommes et idees. 1903. Rett?, Adolph : le symbolisme. anecdotes et sou- venirs. 1903. Daxhelet, Arthur : une crise litt?raire : symbol- isme ET SYMBOLISTES. 1904. Bosch, Firmin van den : impressions de litterature contemporaine. 1905. [164] Pelissier, Georges: etudes de litterature et de moral contemporaine. i905. Zilliacus, Emil: den nyaren franska poesin OCH ANTIKEN. I905. GOURMONT, REMY DE : PROMENADES LITTERAIRES. (4 VOLS.) I905 ff. Le Cardonel, Georges et Vellay, Charles: la lit- terature CONTEMPORAINE. I905. Casella, Georges et Gaubert, Ernest : la nouvelle LITTERATURE. 1895-I905. I906. Rimestad, Christian: fransk poesi i det nittende aar-hundrede. i906. Blum, Leon: en lisant. reflexions critiques. 1906. Hamel, A. G. van: het letterkundig leven van FRANGRIJK. I9O7. Oppeln-Bronikowski, F. von: das junge frank- REICH. 1908. Grautoff, Otto und Erna: die lyrische bewegung im gegenwartigen frankreich. 1911. Visan, Tancrede de: l' attitude du lyrisme con- TEMPORAIN. lgil. Key, Ellen: seelen und werke. 1911. Mercereau, Alexandre : la litterature et les idees NOUVELLES. igi2. Barre, Andre: le symbolisme. 1912. Heumann, Albert: le mouvement litteraire belge d'expression francaise depuis 1880. 1913. Lowell, Amy: six French poets. 1915. [165] BIOGRAPHICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF THE THIRTY POETS THE THIRTY POETS STEPHANE MALLARME (1842-1898) was born at Paris of a family of public servants in whom a taste for letters had been traditional for several genera- tions. He completed his preliminary studies at various lycees and, having already begun the study of English in order to read Poe, passed some time in England during his twentieth year. The result was a modest independ- ence gained by the teaching of English at colleges and lycees first in the South of France, then in Paris from 1862-1892. Already known to men of letters by his verses and translations of Poe, he was revealed to the younger generation by the skilful quotations and praise of J. K. Huysmans in his novel A Rebours in 1884. Now began the period of Mallarme's.true fame and wide influ- ence. Unfortunately he survived his retirement from active teaching for only six years. But it is doubtful whether fuller bodied works would have come from his mystical fastidiousness. His admirable work both as a poet and an inspirer of poetry was done. [169] Criticism and Biography: Mauclair, Camille: Stephane Mallarme. (n. d.)' Mockel, Albert: Stephane Mallarme: Un Heros. 1899. Wyzewa, Teodore de : Notes sur Mallarme. 1886. The Poetical Works : Poesies Completes. 1887. Vers et Prose, florilege. 1893. Poesies Completes. 1899. PAUL VERLAINE (1844-1896) was born at Metz, the son of a Captain in the French army. The poet's earliest years were passed in various garrison towns. In 1851 Captain Verlaine left the serv- ice and settled in Paris. After some preparation Paul en- tered the old Lycee Bonaparte, was made bachelier es lettres in 1862, obtained employment first, curiously enough, with an insurance company, then in several pub- lic offices. But soon, especially after the death of his father, he neglected his duties, associated with men of let- ters, and published his first two volumes which were prac- tically unnoticed. In 1870 he married, became involved in the Commune, left Paris, already at odds with his wife and given to drinking, and formed the fatal friendship with Arthur Rimbaud. The two fled in July, 1872, passed together many months of strange wandering in England and Belgium where, in a fit of jealousy, Ver- laine shot and wounded Rimbaud. The court at Brus- sels condemned the poet to two years imprisonment dur- [170] ing which time his conversion to Catholicism took place. After his liberation he lived for a year in England, re- turned to France, taught for a while, engaged in a num- ber of rash and unsuccessful adventures in farming and, having lost his excellent mother in 1886, drifted into that life of passage from hospital to slum and slum to hospital which has become famous as an instance of the union of extreme misery and the highest artistic glory. "A bar- barian, a savage, a child," as Jules Lemaitre wrote, "but one who heard voices heard by none before." Criticism and Biography: Coucke, J. : Paul Verlaine. 1896. Dullaert, M. : Verlaine. 1896: France, Anatole: La Vie litteraire. (3e serie) 1891. Lemaitre, Jules: Les contemporains. (4e serie) 1889. Lepelletier, Edmond: Paul Verlaine, sa Vie, son Oeuvre. 1907. Morice, Charles: Paul Verlaine, L'Homme et L'Oeuvre. 1888. Watzoldt, S. : Paul Verlaine : Ein Dichter der De- cadence. 1892. The Poetical Works: Poemes saturniens. 1866. Fetes galantes. 1869. La Bonne Chanson. 1870. Romances sans Paroles. 1874. Sagesse. 1881. Jadis et Naguere. 1884. Amour. 1888. Parallelement. 1889. Dedicaces. [171] 1889. Femmes. 1890. Bonheur. 1891. Choix de Poesies. 1891. Chansons pour Elle. 1891. Li- turgies intimes. 1892. Elegies. 1893. Odes en son honneur. 1893. Dans les limbes. 1894. fipigrammes. 1894. Chair. 1896. Invectives. 1896. Oeuvres Completes. 5 Vols. 1899-1900. Oeuvres posthumes. 1903. ARTHUR RIMBAUD (1854-1891) was born at Charleville in the Ardennes. Though also the son of an army officer he passed his childhood in a sheltered home. Fresh from school the precocious lad ran away, was brought back, escaped a second and a third time, formed the connection with Verlaine and, having recovered from his wounds, travelled in England, Ger- many, Italy, volunteered with the Carlist army in Spain, with the colonial troups of Holland, deserted and wan- dered through Java. He returned to Europe, travelled with a circus but finally, helped by his family, departed definitely for the Orient, oblivious of the life of letters, living his literature, merchant in strange lands, purveyor of weapons to the Negus of Abyssinia, dying of a tumor of the knee in Marseilles whither he had gone to visit his family. Criticism and Biography: Ammer, K. L. (Eingeleitet von Stefan Zweig) : Arthur Rimbaud. Leben und Dichtung. 1907. [172] Berrichon, Paterne: La Vie de Jean-Arthur Rim- baud. 1897. Delahaye, Ernest: Rimbaud. 1906. Rimbaud, Jean- Arthur : Lettres de. 1899. Verlaine, Paul: Les Poetes Maudits. 1884. The Poetical Works: Poesies completes. 1895. Oeuvres de Jean-Arthur Rimbaud. 1898. GEORGES RODENBACH (1855-1898) was born at Tournai in Belgium of a cultivated family of purely Flemish origin. Early, however, his family moved to Ghent where he attended the college of Sainte- Barbe and the university, taking, in due time, his doctor- ate in law. In 1876 he went to Paris, engaged in the life of letters, established himself at the Brussels bar in 1885 but returned definitely to Paris two years later. "He will take his rank," wrote Verhaeren, "amongst those whose sadness, gentleness, subtle sentiment and talent fed upon memories, tenderness and silence weave a crown of pale violets about the brow of Flanders." Criticism and Biography: Casier, J.: L'Oeuvre poetique de Georges Roden- bach. 1888. Daxhelet, A.: Georges Rodenbach. 1899. Guerin, Charles: Georges Rodenbach. 1894. [173] The Poetical Works: Le Foyer et les Champs. 1877. Les Tristesses. 1879. Ode a la Belgique. 1880. La Mer ele- gante. 1881. L'Hiver mondain. 1884. LaJeun- esse blanche. 1886. Du Silence. 1888. Le Regne du Silence. 1891. Les Vies encloses. 1896. Le Miroir du ciel natal. 1898. EMILE VERHAEREN (1855-1915) was born at Saint-Amand near Antwerp of a family of solid Flemish bourgeois, probably of Dutch descent. From the village school at Saint-Amand he proceeded first to Brussels, then to the College of Sainte-Barbe in Ghent where Rodenbach had preceded and Maeterlinck was to follow him. His family destined him to succeed his uncle in the latter's oil refinery. He worked a year in its office, then went to the University of Louvain, com- pleting his studies in the law, forming lettered friend- ships, joining in the founding of La Jeune Belgique. He practised his profession tentatively for a space, but from 1883 on devoted himself wholly to literature. His career now becomes the story of those inner changes and ad- ventures analysed in the text and of the growth of his fame first in Belgium and France, later in Germany, finally in England and America. He died from injuries sustained in an accident. Criticism and Biography: Bazalgette, Leon: Emile Verhaeren. 1907. [174] Boer, Julius de : fimile Verhaeren. 1908. Buisseret, Georges: L'Evolution Ideologique de fimile Verhaeren. 1910. Gauchez, M.: fimile Verhaeren. 1908. Guilbeaux, Henri : fimile Verhaeren. 1908. Schellenberg, E. A. : Emile Verhaeren. 1911. Schlaf, Johannes : fimile Verhaeren. 1905. Zweig, Stefan: fimile Verhaeren. German and French editions: 1910: English, 1914. The Poetical Works: Les Flammandes. 1883. Les Moines. 1886. Les Soirs. 1887. Les Debacles. 1888. Les Flam- beaux noirs. 1890. Au bord de la Route. 1891. Les Apparus dans mes Chemins. 1891. Les Cam- pagnes hallucinees. 1893. Almanach. 1895. Les Villages illusoires. 1895. Les Villes tentaculaires. 1895. Les Heures Claires. 1896. Les Visages de la Vie. 1899. Petites Legendes. 1900. Les Forces tumultueuses. 1902. Toute la Flandre. Les Tendresses premieres. 1904. Les Heures d'Apres-midi. 1905. La Multiple Splendeur. 1906. Toute la Flandre. La Guirlande des dunes. 1907. Toute la Flandre. Les Heros. 1908. Toute la Flandre. Les Villes a Pignons. 1909. Les Rythmes souverains. 1910. Les Heures du Soir. 1911. Toute la Flandre. Les Plaines. 1912. Les Bles mouvants. 1912. [175] JEAN MOREAS (1856-1910) was born at Athens, a descendant of two Greek families illustrious in peace and war. His real name, too cum- bersome for a French man of letters, was Papadiaman- topoulos. His education at Athens was wholly French and, as a very young man, he took up his residence in Paris* His life was devoted wholly to literature. Hav- ing visited various German cities, as well as Italy, he made his last visit to his native country in 1897. From then on his preoccupation with poetry was complete. Criticism and Biography: Gourmont, Jean de: Jean Moreas. 1905. Maurras, Charles. Jean Moreas. 1891. France, Anatole. La Vie litteraire. (4e serie.) 1892. The Poetical Works: Les Syrtes. 1884. Les Cantilenes. 188G. Le Pelerin passione. 1891. Eriphyle, poeme suivi de Quatre Sylves. 1894. Les Stances (Ier et He livres). 1899. Les Stances. (Hie, We, Ve, et Vie livres). 1901. JULES LAFORGUE (1860-1887) was born at Montevideo where his father was tutor. The boy was placed early in the lycee at Tarbes where he remained until the family returned to Europe and settled in Paris. Completing his education in 1879 Laforgue [176] formed his momentous friendship with M. Gustave Kahn. There followed years of severe literary poverty until in 1881, partly through the influence of M. Paul Bourget, Laforgue was appointed reader to the Empress Augusta at Berlin. In 1886 he left this post, married a young Englishwoman whom he had met in Berlin, but already fallen into consumption survived this event only one year. Criticism and Biography: Dufour, Mederic : L'Esthetique de Jules Laforgue. 1905. Mauclair, Camille: Jules Laforgue, Essai. Avec une Introduction de Maeterlinck. 1896. The Poetical Works: Les Complaintes. 1885. L'Imitation de Notre- Dame la Lune. 1886. Le Concile feerique. 1886. Derniers Vers. 1890. Poesies Completes. 1894. HENRI DE REGNIER (born 1864) is descended from a family distinguished even amid the older nobility of France. From his native place Hon- fleur, the family moved to Paris in 1874 and Regnier passed through the College Stanislas where he had already written. He studied law but began publish- ing verse almost immediately. He took a vital part in the founding of the Symbolist movement, sought out Verlaine and was Mallarme's closest intimate among the younger men. In 1896 he married Mile. Marie de Here- [177] dia, second daughter of the author of Les Trophees and herself a poet of distinction. M. de Regnier, almost as celebrated to-day in prose fiction as in verse, has never had to wait for recognition. It came to him early: it gave him the opportunity of undivided devotion to art. He is by common accord the representative French poet of his time. Criticism and Biography: Gourmont, Jean de: Henri de Regnier et son oeuvre. 1908. Leautaud, Paul. Henri de Regnier. 1904. Mauclair, Camille: Henri de Regnier. 1894. The Poetical Works: Lendemains. 1885. Apaisement. 1886. Sites. 1887. Episodes. 1888. Poemes anciens et ro- manesques. 1890. Tel qu'en Songe. 1892. Are- thuse. 1895. Les Jeux rustiques et divins. 1897. Les Medailles d'Argile. 1900. La Cite des Eaux. 1902. La Sandale ailee. 1906. Le Miroir des Heures. 1911. FRANCIS VIELE-GRIFFIN (born 1864) is a native of Norfolk, Virginia. He was taken to France in his boyhood, received a wholly French edu- cation and printed verse in his adopted tongue as early as 1885. He was one of the strongest theoretical spirits in the Symbolist movement, edited one of its early re- views, fought for it and has remained true to it ever since. [178] A wide reading of the criticism and poetry of his period serves to heighten one's sense of his wide influence and of the esteem in which he and his work are held by his fel- low craftsmen in France. Criticism and Biography: Henri de Regnier : Francis Viele-Griffin. 1894. The Poetical Works: Cueille d'Avril. 1886. Les Cygnes. 1887. Joies. 1889. Les Cygnes. Nouveaux Poemes. 1892. La Chevauchee d'Yeldis et autres poemes. 1893. II0A01, poemes. 1894. La Clarte de Vie. 1897. La Partenza. 1899. L' Amour sacre. 1903. Plus loin. 1906. La Lumiere de la Grece. 1912. Voix d'lonie. 1914. GUSTAVE KAHN (born 1859) is a native of Metz, of Jewish birth. He studied at the ?cole des Chartes and the Jtcole des langues orien- tales and spent four years of his early manhood in Africa. In 1885 he returned to Paris, resumed his liter- ary work and, a year later, founded La Vogue, the little review which saw the birth of free verse. Almost at the same time he edited (with Moreas and Paul Adam) Le Symboliste and in 1889 revived La Vogue. These de- tails are important in the history of French poetry. M. Kahn's claims as the founder of the free verse move- ment have been disputed. But the movement first found [179] expression through him and he gave it its complete critical theory. Up to 1897 he devoted himself to poetry. Since he has written fiction but chiefly criticism of a very subtle and penetrating kind. Criticism and Biography: Feheon, Felix: Kahn. (Les Hommes d'aujourd'- hui.) n. d. Randon, G. : Gustave Kahn. The Poetical Works : Les Palais Nomades. 1887. Chansons d'amant. 1891. Domaine de Fees. 1895. La Pluie et le Beau Temps. 1895. Limbes de Lumiere. 1895. Le Livre d'Images. 1897. STUART MERRILL (born 1863) is a native of Hempstead, Long Island. His child- hood and boyhood were passed in Paris and at the Lycee Condorcet he had as fellow-students half a dozen of the future Symbolists. In 1885 he returned to New York, studied law at Columbia, and in 1890, published through Harper & Brothers a series of translations from contemporary French literature called Pastels in Prose. He returned to France, devoted himself to poetry and Socialistic work and wrote articles on French litera- ture for the New York Times and Evening Post. Neither as a social reformer — often through the medium of the arts — nor as a poet of ever deeper and riper power [180] — though in a foreign tongue — has M. Merrill ever re- ceived the recognition in his native country which is his due. The Poetical Works : Les Gammes. 1887. Les Fastes. 1897. Petits Poemes d'Automne. 1895. Les Quatre Saisons. 1900. MAURICE MAETERLINCK (born 1862) It would be superfluous to give a sketch of Maeter- linck here. For a full discussion of his dramatic works with bibliographical material the reader is referred to: Lewisohn: The Modern Drama (2nd Ed.) 1917. Maeterlinck abandoned poetry early. What he did write in verse is interesting as contributing the peculiar Maeter- linckian note also to modern French poetry. The Poetical Works : Serres chaudes. 1889. Douze Chansons. 1896. REMY DE GOURMONT (1858-1915) was born at the chateau de la Motte at Bazoches-en- Houlme. On his father's side he came of a family of famous printers and engravers of the Fifteenth and Six- teenth Centuries, on his mother's side he was a collateral descendant of Malherbe. As a youth he was an employe of the Bibliotheque nationale. An article of his in the Mercure de France offended official patriotism and he [181] was dismissed. He now gave himself up to his vast in- tellectual labors as poet, critic, dramatist, philosopher, biologist, novelist, grammarian, etc., contributing to French, German, Austrian, North and South American re- views and publishing dozens of volumes of an extraordi- nary intellectual richness, subtlety and stylistic charm. A great man of letters, if a poet of but secondary rank. Criticism and Biography: Querlon, Pierre de : Rimy de Gourmont. 1903. Vorluni, Giuseppe: Remy de Gourmont. 1901. The Poetical Works : Hieroglyphes. 1894. Les Saintes du Paradis. 1899. Oraisons mauvaises. 1900. Simone, poeme champetre. 1901. Divertissements. (A reprint of the contents of the earlier volumes together with: Paysages spirituels, Le Vieux Coffret and La Main. 1914. ALBERT SAMAIN (1858-1900) was the son of a family of small bourgeois of Lille. Los- ing his father at fourteen he had to leave school and passed difficult years in commerce. The government service first at home, later (1880) in Paris brought relief and increased leisure. His shy and frugal genius came to a rather late maturity, and when at last a measure of fame was his, bereavement and ill health had already broken him. [182] Criticism and Biography: Bersaucourt, Albert de : Conference sur A. Samain. 1907. Bocquet, Leon : Albert Samain, sa Vie, son Oeuvre. 1905. The Poetical Works : Au Jardin de L'Infante. 1893. Aux Flancs du Vase. 1898. Le Chariot d'Or. 1901. EDMOND ROSTAND (born 1868) For a detailed account of Rostand the reader may again be referred to Lewisohn: The Modern Drama (2nd Ed.) 1917. M. Rostand is curiously below his highest level when not using the medium of drama. But his in- clusion here was necessary to mark an important element in modern French poetry. The Poetical Works : Les Musardises. FRANCIS JAMMES (born 1868) is a native of Tournay (Hautes-Pyrenees) a thorough Frenchman of the South. His grandfather emigrated to South America, his father was born there. After the latter's early death the poet, having been a collegian at both Pau and Bordeaux settled with his mother at Orthez where he has since lived and which he has made famous by his verse. He published first in lo- [183] cally printed pamphlets. One of these attracted the at- tention of the Mercure de France in 1893. The reviewer, observing a dedication to Hubert Crackanthorpe, reasoned that Jammes must be a printer's error for James. So humble were the beginnings of a poet who soon conquered a very distinct and secure fame for himself. His per- sonal beliefs and tastes and history need hardly any com- mentary beyond his verses. The Poetical Works : Four pamphlets of verse, all printed at Orthez be- tween 1891 and 1894. Un Jour, poeme dialogue. 1896. La Naissance du Poete. 1897. De l'Ange- lus de l'Aube a l'Angelus du Soir. 1898. Le Deuil des Prime veres. 1901. Le Triomphe de la Vie. 1902. L'?glise habillee de feuilles. 1906. Clair- ieres dans le Ciel. 1906. Pensee des Jardins. 1906. Poemes mesures. 1908. Les Georgiques Chretiennes. 1912. CHARLES GUERIN (1873-1907) was born of a family of wealthy manufacturers of Lune- ville. He studied at Nancy, lived alternately at Lune- ville and Paris and spent much time in Germany and Italy. His reputation was established early, but a crisis of the soul which made him a Catholic seemed to rob him of lyrical spontaneity. He was aware of this fact which lends pathos to some of his last verses. [184] The Poetical Works: Joies grises. 1894. Sonnets et un Poeme. 1897. Le Coeur Solitaire. 1898. Le Semeur des Cendres. 1901. L'Homme Interieur. 1905. HENRY BATAILLE (1872) is a native of Nimes. His single volume of verse is of extraordinary originality and earned for him a place in Gourmont's Livre des Masques. It is unfortunate that the writing of his vigorous but by no means first rate plays has permitted him to add but a few new poems in the second edition of his original collection. The Poetical Works: La Chambre Blanche. 1895. Le Beau Voyage. 1904. r PAUL FORT (born 1872) is a native of Rheims. Of his origin or family little information is available at present. As a youth of eighteen he founded the Theatre d'Art in opposition to the dominance of Naturalism and presented The Cenci and pieces by Verlaine, Maeterlinck, Gourmont, etc. In 1893 the theatrical venture collapsed and M. Fort turned definitely to poetry. His productivity since then has been enormous. To live and write the sixteen volumes of the Ballades frangaises in twenty years is, in itself, a sufficient biography. [185] The Poetical Works: Ballades frangaises. 1897. Montagne. Ballades frangaises. He Serie. 1898. Le Roman de Louis XI. Ballades franchises. Hie Serie. 1899. Les Idylles Antiques. Ballades frangaises. IVe Serie. 1900. L'Amour marin. Ballades frangaises. Ve Serie. 1900. Paris Sentimental ou le Roman de nos vingt ans. Ballades frangaises. Vie Serie. 1902. Les Hymnes de feu. Ballades frangaises. Vile Serie. 1903. Coxcomb ou l'homme tout nu, tombe du Paradis. Ballades frangaises. Vllle Serie. 1906. lie de France. Ballades frangaises. IXe Serie. 1908. Montcerf. Ballades frangaises. Xe Serie. 1909. La Tristesse de l'homme. Ballades frangaises. Xle Serie. 1910. L'Aventure Eternelle. Bal- lades frangaises. Xlle Serie. 1911. Montlhery- La-Bataille. Ballades frangaises. XHIe Serie. 1912. Vivre en Dieu. Ballades frangaises. XI Ve Serie. 1912. Chansons Pour se consoler d'Etre Heureux. Ballades frangaises. XVe Serie. 1913. Les Nocturnes. Ballades frangaises. XVIe Serie. 1914. HENRI BARBUSSE (born 1874) is a native of Asnieres. He is a dramatic critic, a dis- tinguished journalist and novelist. His early poems, charming in themselves, take on an added interest now as coming from the author of Le Feu. [186] The Poetical Works: Pleureuses. 1895. PIERRE LOUYS (born 1870) is a native of Paris and the son of a distinguished house. His education was learned and, unlike the ma- jority of modern French poets, he is a scholar in the technical sense. His work as a man of letters is al- most wholly the result of the influence of his Greek studies upon his ardent temperament. His novel Aphrodite ( 1896) made his reputation international : his pseudo- versions of Greek poetry have deceived the learned. His publication of verse in which he speaks in his own person has been limited. Criticism and Biography: Gaubert, Ernest: Pierre Louys. 1904. Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, Ulrich von: Pierre Louys. Gottingische Gelehrte Anzeigen. 1896. The Poetical Works: Astarte. 1891. Les Poesies de Meleagre. 1893. Les Chansons de Bilitis. 1894. CAMILLE MAUCLAIR (born 1872) a native of Paris and of Jewish origin is one of the most fertile minds of modern France. An admirable poet and story writer he has achieved his highest distinction as a critic of literature, of thought and of painting. [187] Criticism and Biography: Aubry, G.-Jean: Camille Mauclair. 1905. The Poetical Works: Sonatines d'Automne. 1895. Le sang park. 1904. FERNAND GREGH (bom 1873) is a native of Paris. His rise to fame because one of his poems was mistaken by good judges for Verlaine's was sudden. But he has known how to sustain it and his work commends itself, more than that of most of the younger men, to the acknowledged chiefs of French criticism, Faguet and Lanson. The Poetical Works: La Maison de l'Enfance. 1897. La Beaute de vivre. 1900. La Clarte humaine. 1904. L'Or des Minutes. 1905. La Chaine eternelle. 1910. PAUL SOUCHON (born 1874) is a native of Laudun on the Rhone. He is practically the only modern French poet of immediate peasant de- scent, which may account for the clearness, the sobriety, the realism of his work. He has written — an uncommon thing in this age — only verse. The Poetical Works: Les Elevations poetiques. 1898. Nouvelles Eleva- [188] tions poetiques. 1901. Elegies Parisiennes. 1902. La Beaute de Paris. 1904. HENRY SPIESS (1876) is a native of Geneva and an interesting representative of the French literary movement in West Switzerland. He is a lawyer and started out with a whimsical but poetical interpretation of his profession. The Poetical Works: Rimes d' Audience. 1903. Le Silence des Heures. 1904. Chansons captives. 1910. MAURICE MAGRE (born 1877) is a native of Toulouse and strove, for a time, to make his native city a centre of literature and criticism. He then abandoned it for Paris where his productivity in later years has been largely in the direction of poetic drama. (Les Belles de nuit. 1913). The Poetical Works: fiveils. 1895. La Chanson des Hommes. 1898. Le Poeme de la Jeunesse. 1901. Les Levres et le Secret. 1906. LEO LARGUIER (born 1878) is a native of La Grand' Combe in the Cevennes. Al- most alone among the younger poets he has kept clear of Symbolism and carries on consciously and with an [189] air of magnificence the tradition of Lamartine and Hugo. Forced, apparently, into several sorts of superior hack-work {Les Grands ?,crivains a travers les Grands Villes) he has not, like many of his contemporaries, abandoned his admirable poetic work. The Poetical Works: La Maison du Poete. 1903. Les Isolements. 1906. Jacques, poeme. 1907. Orchestres. " 1914. CHARLES VILDRAC (born 1882) a native of Paris, is one of the leaders of the latest move- ment — a subtle thinker, a remarkable experimenter in verse. The Poetical Works: Poemes. 1905. Images et Mirages. 1908. Le Livre d' Amour. 1910. Decouvertes. 1912. GEORGES DUHAMEL (1882) :;, like his brother-in-law Vildrac, a Parisian and an insurgent, and collaborated with him in the most definite statement of the achievement and principles of the new school: Les Poetes et La Poesie. 1914. The Poetical Works: Des Legendes, des Ba tallies. 1907. L'Homme en Tete. 1909. Selon ma Loi. 1910. La Lumiere. 1911. [190] EMILE DESPAX (1881) is a native of Dax, a man of liberal education, a govern- ment official, an excellent example of the more traditional poetic workman of France. The Poetical Works: Au Seuil de la Lande. 1902. La Maison des Gly- cines. 1905. [190 INDEX OF THE FIRST LINES IN FRENCH AND ENGLISH INDEX OF FIRST LINES Attestant la blancheur native des chairs mates, 97 Showing the whiteness of flesh faint and fair Belle heure, il faut nous separer, no 'Tis time for us to say good-night Ce petit air de cloche errant dans le matin, 139 Faint music of a bell which dawn brings to my ear C'est une face fine et legere, 112 Hers is a fine and buoyant face C'est un trou de verdure, oii chante une riviere, 181 There's a green hollow where a river sings Cette fille, elle est morte, est morte dans ses amours, 135 This girl is dead, is dead in love's old way Chaque fois qu' Adam rencontre five, 137 Each time that Eve and Adam meet Couche-toi sur la greve, et prends en tes deux mains, 105 Rest on the shore and take in your two hands Dans la rue, a midi, quand la marree humaine, 148 When in the street at noon the human tide Dans la salle en rumeur un silence a passe, 124 On the loud room falls silence like a trance Dans le vieux pare solitaire et glace, 75 In the old park, lonely and bound by frost [195] D'autres viendront par la pre, 109 Others will come across the plain De ses quatre pieds purs faisant feu sur le sol, 142 His pure feet striking sparks of flint that rise Du cote de Paris, 141 On the way to Paris Du front de la montagne, 158 From the tall mountain's brow En allant vers la Ville ou Ton chante aux terasses, 99 On our way to the city of the singing street Encore un livre : 6 nostalgies, 96 Another book! How my heart flees En province, dans la langueur matutinale, 82 In small towns, in the languid morn and frail Heroique foret de legende et de songe, 106 Heroic forest of legend and of dream II est ainsi de pauvres coeurs, 88 With hearts of poor men it is so II faut admirer tout pour s'exalter soi-meme, 90 To exalt thyself all life exalted deem II meurt sur les plus hautes branches, 146 Upon the topmost branches dies II pleut. Je reve. Et je crois voir entre les arbres, 160 Musing, I seem upon the glistening space J'ai cherche trente ans, mes soeurs, 119 I have sought thirty years, my sisters [196] J'ai vu les femmes qui s'en vont, 143 / have seen gentle ladies fade J'allais par des chemins perfides, 77 Sad and lost I walked where wide Je fais souvent ce reve etrange et penetrant, 74 Often this strange and poignant dream is mine Je sais que tu es pauvre, 127 That thou art poor I see Je suis l'ane savant, celui meme qui etonne, 129 I'm the trained ass, the very ass who can Je t'ecris et la lampe ecoute, 145 The clock ticks the slow minutes out La colline boisee vient border la riviere, 136 The wooded hill slopes down even unto the stream L'ambre, le seigle mfir, le miel plein de lumiere, 133 Amber, ripe rye or honey full of light La lune s'attristait. Des seraphins en pleurs, 73 The moon grew sad. The tear-stained seraphim Le ciel est, par-dessus le toit, 80 Above the roof the sky expands L'enfant lit l'almanach pres de son panier d'oeufs, 130 The child reads on. Its basket of eggs stands by Le moulin tourne au fond du soir, tres lentement, 83 In deep grey dusk the mill turns faltering Le piano que baise une main f rele, 78 The key-board which frail fingers gently stir Les grand'routes tracent des croix, 85 The highways run in figure of the rood [197] Les fenouils m'ont dit: II t'aime si, 93 The fenel says: so mcd his love Les mains que je vois en reve, 149 Hands that in my dreams I see Les roses etaient toutes rouges, 79 Too red, too red the roses were Les sept filles d'Orlamonde, 118 The seven daughters of Orlamonde Le Seraphin des soirs passe le long des fleurs, 123 The evening's angel passes where flowers glow Lorsque je serai vieux et qu'illustre poete, 153 When I am old and poet of renown Lorsque l'heure viendra de la coupe remplie, 108 Spare me from seeing, goddess, by my bed Mais c'est au coeur de la foret, 137 But on a hidden forest ground Mon front pale est sur tes genoux, 114 Against thy knees my pallid brow Ne dites pas: la vie est un joyeux festin, 94 Say not: Life is a joyous festival Nous avons, nous aussi, nos fards, nos artifices, 151 We, too, no less, have all our little arts O bel Avril epanoui, 1 1 1 lovely April, rich and bright O ma fille, ouvre la porte, 144 my daughter, open the gate [198] On voit, quand vient l'automne, aux fils telegraphiques, You see in Autumn on the telegraph wires Par les vitres grises de la lavanderie, 134 Here, in the laundry, through the blurred window- pane Porte haute ! ne crains point l'ombre, laisse ouvert, 103 Fear not the shadow! Open, lofty gate Quand de la tragique vie, 94 When the heaviness and void Si Ton gardait, depuis des temps, des temps, 155 // one were to keep for many years and days Simone, la neige est blanche comme ton cou, 120 Simone, white as thy throat the snow I see Sous vos longues chevelures, petites fees, 92 little fairies, under your long, long hair Un coup de tonerre! Et l'effroi, 138 The thunder's peal! Against my side Un petit roseau m'a suffit, 101 A little reed has been enough Va cherche dans la vieille foret humaine, 121 Go seeking in the human forest old Venez avec des couronnes de primeveres dans vos mains, 116 Oh, come with crowns of primroses that in your hands are borne |